Based on the macromolecules in traditional Chinese medicine exploring the material basis and mechanism of the analgesic effect of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction / 药学学报

In order to study the analgesic effect of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction, this paper discussed material basis and mechanism from the perspective of macromolecules in traditional Chinese medicine. Inspired by the phenomenon of turbidity after boiling Chinese medicine, this experiment took Shaoyao Gancao Decoction as the research object to study the formation process of precipitation during boiling. The results showed that aggregates with a certain shape were formed in the solvent during the boiling process, and the precipitate was obtained by standing and centrifuging. Analysis found that the precipitation was mainly composed of small molecules such as paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, isoliquiritin and gallic acid, and macromolecules such as protein and polysaccharide. The composition of precipitate was consistent with that of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction, but the analgesic effect of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction after removing the precipitate was significantly reduced. Based on these results, we isolated small molecular compounds, polysaccharides and protein from Shaoyao Gancao Decoction and their contents are 60.4, 700.7 and 207.2 mg·g-1 respectively. We get the ratio, polysaccharide: small molecule = 11.6∶1, protein: small molecule = 3.4∶1, the precipitate is prepared in the state of boiling. The characterization results showed that the particle size of the precipitate will change significantly after co-heating, and the content determination results showed that the content of the six small molecular compounds which was free in solvent was significantly reduced after the formation of the precipitate. The acetic acid writhing experiment proved that the precipitate has a good analgesic effect, and effectively reduced the levels of inflammatory factors prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide, and increased the level of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10. These results proved that the precipitate in Shaoyao Gancao Decoction is an important material basis for analgesic effect, and macromolecules such as protein and polysaccharide are the main components of the precipitate. The study of macromolecules in the precipitate of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction not only provides new ideas and methods for elucidating the pharmacodynamic material basis of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction, but also provides a reference for analyzing the scientificity of traditional decoction.

Risk factors for chronic subdural hematoma recurrence and the reoperation strategies in elderly patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH)recurrence and reoperation strategies in elderly patients.Methods:From October 2012 to December 2018, 56 patients aged 85 years and over with CSDHs undergoing surgery in our hospital were enrolled.After surgery, 12 patients had hematoma recurrence, of whom 11 received reoperation.The strategies of reoperation and the risk factors of recurrence were analyzed.Results:The average age was similar between patients with and without recurrence( t=0.308, P=0.759). However, the rates of recurrence between patients with mixed and with homogeneous density were significantly different(53.3% vs 12.8%, χ2=6.54, P=0.011), and there was also a significant difference in recurrent rate between patients with a small maximum thickness(1.0 cm to 2.5 cm)and those with a large maximum thickness(≥2.5 cm)before operation(12.5% vs 50.0%, χ2=4.753, P=0.029). Patients with a maximum thickness≥1.0 cm after surgery was associated with a comparable risk of hematoma recurrence compared with those with a thickness<1.0 cm(31.0% vs 12.0%, χ2=1.823, P=0.177). Most patients(10/11)achieved a good prognosis after reoperation. Conclusion:Reoperation can improve the quality of life in elderly patients with CSDH recurrence and without obvious contraindications.

Isochlorogenic acid (ICGA): natural medicine with potentials in pharmaceutical developments / 中国天然药物

Natural products have attracted a great deal of attention as significant resources in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and in chemical medicine, as well as in cosmetic ingredients, nutraceuticals and food products. Isochlorogenic acid (ICGA), which has medicinal value, has been discovered in various plants. As a widespread natural medicine, ICGA should be the subject of further research and development. However, there have been no systematic analyses of ICGA. According to our investigation, ICGA was initially isolated from green coffee extracts by Barnes et al. in 1950. To date, it has been discovered in a variety of tea, vegetables, medicinal diet and TCM materials. ICGA is used as a chemical marker for the quality control of these TCM materials. The metabolic process of ICGA has been studied in detail, conforming to be linear dynamics. Thus, the clear pharmacokinetics of ICGA offers a solid foundation for its research and development. ICGA has multiple biological and pharmacological effects, and studies have mainly focused on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular protective effects, and hepatoprotective properties. The mechanisms underlying these effects are summarized in this review to provide scientific support and inspiration for the future research and development of ICGA and ICGA-rich natural products.

Self-made one-fourth tubular hook plate for fixation of comminuted fractures of acetabular posterior wall / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective@#To observe the clinical efficacy of self-made one-fourth tubular hook plate used in the fixation of comminuted fractures of acetabular posterior wall.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 21 patients with comminuted fracture of acetabular posterior wall were retrospectively analyzed who had been treated by fixation with our self-made one-fourth tubular hook plate from June 2015 to September 2017 at Deparment I of Orhthopaedics, The Second People's Hospital of Anhui Province. They were 12 males and 9 females, aged from 20 to 59 years (mean, 38.5 years). The time from injury to surgery ranged from 3 to 6 days (average, 4.5 days). All the fractures were fixated with our self-made one-fourth tubular hook plate via the Kocher-langenbeck approach. Depending on the fracture fragments, the hook plate was cut out obliquely through the 3rd or 4th hole and the sharp end of the plate was bent into a small hook to hold the fragments. Only the hook plate was used in 6 cases and an additional construction plate in the other 15 cases. The postoperative reduction, functional recovery of the affected hip and complications were recorded.@*Results@#The follow-up averaged 13 months (from 8 to 32 months). Intermuscular venous thrombosis occurred in one patient and sciatic nerve contusion was observed intraoperatively in one patient with sciatic nerve injury. According to the improved Matta criteria, the fracture reduction was rated as excellent in 16 cases, as good in 4 and as poor in one, giving a good to excellent rate of 95.2%. The fractures united after an average of 7.5 months (from 6 to 12 months). According to the improved Merle d'Aubigné and Postel scoring system, the hip function at the final follow-up was excellent in 14 cases, good in 3, fair in 2 and poor in 2, giving a good to excellent rate of 81.0%. Follow-ups revealed traumatic arthritis in 3 cases, femoral head necrosis in 2 cases and ectopic ossification in one.@*Conclusion@#Our self-made one-fourth tubular hook plate is simple, economical and effective because it can provide easy and rigid fixation of the comminuted fractures of acetabular posterior wall, leading to fine therapeutic effects.

Self-made one-fourth tubular hook plate for fixation of comminuted fractures of acetabular posterior wall / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of self-made one-fourth tubular hook plate used in the fixation of comminuted fractures of acetabular posterior wall.Methods The clinical data of 21 patients with comminuted fracture of acetabular posterior wall were retrospectively analyzed who had been treated by fixation with our self-made one-fourth tubular hook plate from June 2015 to September 2017 at Deparment I of Orhthopaedics,The Second People's Hospital of Anhui Province.They were 12 males and 9 females,aged from 20 to 59 years (mean,38.5 years).The time from injury to surgery ranged from 3 to 6 days (average,4.5 days).All the fractures were fixated with our self-made one-fourth tubular hook plate via the Kocher-langenbeck approach.Depending on the fracture fragments,the hook plate was cut out obliquely through the 3rd or 4th hole and the sharp end of the plate was bent into a small hook to hold the fragments.Only the hook plate was used in 6 cases and an additional construction plate in the other 15 cases.The postoperative reduction,functional recovery of the affected hip and complications were recorded.Results The follow-up averaged 13 months (from 8 to 32 months).Intermuscular venous thrombosis occurred in one patient and sciatic nerve contusion was observed intraoperatively in one patient with sciatic nerve injury.According to the improved Matta criteria,the fracture reduction was rated as excellent in 16 cases,as good in 4 and as poor in one,giving a good to excellent rate of 95.2％.The fractures united after an average of 7.5 months (from 6 to 12 months).According to the improved Merle d'Aubigné and Postel scoring system,the hip function at the final follow-up was excellent in 14 cases,good in 3,fair in 2 and poor in 2,giving a good to excellent rate of 81.0％.Follow-ups revealed traumatic arthritis in 3 cases,femoral head necrosis in 2 cases and ectopic ossification in one.Conclusion Our self-made one-fourth tubular hook plate is simple,economical and effective because it can provide easy and rigid fixation of the comminuted fractures of acetabular posterior wall,leading to fine therapeutic effects.

Risk stratification and prognostic evaluation value of serum high sensitive C reactive protein in patients with coronary heart disease and PCI surgery / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the value of serum high sensitive C reactive protein(hs-CRP) in the risk stratification and prognosis evaluation in the patients with coronary heart disease and PCI operation.Methods One hundred and sixty-three cases of coronary heart disease and undergoing PCI in this hospital from March 2013 to September 2015 were selected and performed the coronary angiography examination before operation.Then the patients were divided into 3 groups according to the hs-CRP level.The Gensini score was used to judge the blood vessel stenosis degree.The patients were followed up within six months after surgery.The major cardiovascular events were recorded and the relationship between the hs-CRP level with the number of diseased vessels,Gensini score,MACE and other coronary heart disease risk factors was analyzed.Results Hypertension and hs-CRP level had statistically significant difference among 3 groups(P＜0.05);preoperative hs-CRP level showed positive correlation with hs-cTnT level (r =0.44,P＜ 0.001),while the hs-CRP was negatively correlated with the HDL-C level (r =-0.18,P =0.003);with the Gemini score elevation,the hs-CRP level was similarly elevated,the hs-CRP levels in the patients with severe,moderate and mild vascular stenosis evaluated by Gensini's score were(17.11±9.58),(10.02±3.59),(4.11±1.62)mg/L respectively,the difference among them had statistical significance(F=37.21,P＜0.05).Within postoperative six months,the MACE occurrence rates in 3 groups were 32.1％,52.9 ％ and 59.2 ％ respectively,the differences among the three groups were statistically significant(x2 =13.523,P =0.001),and the target lesion blood supply reconstruction rate had statistically significant difference(x2 =7.522,P =0.022).The hsCRP level was an independent risk factor of MACE occurrence(OR =2.06,95 ％ CI:1.31-3.42,P=0.005).Conclusion Serum hs-CRP is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events occurrence after PCI surgery in the patients with coronary heart disease.

Clinical features and prognosis of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction comorbid with diabetes mellitus / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical features of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) comorbid with diabetes mellitus (DM) and to analyze the prognosis within 12 months after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pre-PCI). Methods A total of 375 STEMI patients were divided into the diabetes group (n=140) and the normal blood glucose group(n=235) according to whether they met the diagnostic criteria of DH. The clinical data,characteristics of coronary artery lesions,type of stent implant,rate of coronary slow flow or no-reflow after pre-PCI, and the prognosis within 12 months after PCI of the two groups were investigated.Results Patient in the diabetes group presented with higher mean age ,higher comorbid rates of hypertension , hyperlipidemia and heart function of Killip class Ш and above than patients in the normal blood glucose group (all P<0.05). patients in the diabetes group had higher rates of slow reflow /no-reflow after PCI(12.9% vs.5.5%,P=0.013),higher percentages of 3-ressel disease(40.7% vs. 28.9%,P=0.019)and lef t main lesions(13.6% vs. 7.2%,P=0.044). The in-hospital mortality rates(6.4% vs.1.7%,P=0.020),revascularization rates within 12 months(7.9% vs.0.9%,P=0.001)and incidence of heart failure(7.9% vs. 2.6%,P=0.017)were all higher in the diabetes group. Conclusions STEMI patients comorbid with DM were relatively older, had higher comorbidities of hypertension,hyperlipidemia, three-vessel disease, left main coronary lesions and higher mortality during hospitalization. No significant increase in cardiac death and recurrent myocardial infarction were deserved during the follow-up period. These patients may benefit more from early intervention.

Short-term therapeutic effects of low-dose cytarabine plus surgical resection on elderly patients with trigeminal nerve tumor and safety observation

To evaluate the short-term therapeutic effects of low-dose cytarabine plus surgical resection on elderly patients with trigeminal nerve tumor and to observe the safety. A total of 120 elderly patients with trigeminal nerve tumor were divided into a treatment group and a control group by random draw [n=60], and both groups were subjected to resection by stereotactic image-guided endoscopic nasal surgery. Afterwards, the control group was administered with high-dose cytarabine while the treatment group was given low-dose cytarabine for 14 days. Both groups completed treatment, but the effective rate of the treatment group [96.7%] was significantly higher than that of the control group [83.3%] [P < 0.05]. The pain scores of the two groups were similar at T0, T1 and T2, but the score of the treatment group at T2 was significantly different from those at T0 and T1 [P < 0.05]. During treatment, the treatment group was significantly less prone to complications such as headache, vomiting, vision impairment, nausea and local swelling than the control group [P < 0.05]. During three months of follow-up, the appetite, sleep and daily living scores were significantly higher than those of the control group [P < 0.05]. Stereotactic image-guided surgery was able to treat trigeminal nerve tumor well, and the effect was enhanced by low-dose cytarabine that improved postoperative outcomes and quality of life by dramatically decreasing complications

Investigation on the internalization pathway of microparticles into human umbilical cord endothelial cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanisms underlying the incorporation of microparticles(MP) derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVECs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MPs were isolated from the supernatants of MSCs which had exposed to a hypoxia/serum-deprivation condition. Electron microscope was used to identify the MPs. The surface molecule profile was evaluated with the bead-based flow cytometry technique. The expression level of the phosphatidylserine receptor (PSR) was detected by immunofluorescence cytochemistry. MPs were co-cultured with HUVECs in the presence or absence PSR-antibody, and the internalization of MPs was observed with laser scanning microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The MPs derived from MSCs expressed highly PS, while PSR expressed on the surface of HUVECs. The confocal result revealed that MPs could quickly be uptaken by the endothelial cells, and mainly distributed in the cytoplasm surrounding of the nuclei. The internalization of MPs reduced significantly after PSR specific blockage.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The reaction between PS on the MP and the PSR of HUVECs plays an important role in the internalization of MSC-MPs.</p>

Chinese girl with Bartter syndrome type III due to a novel mutation and/or single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] in CLCNKB gene

Bartter's syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by deficient renal reabsorption of sodium and chloride, and hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with hyper-reninemia and hyperaldosteronemia. Bartter syndrome type III [BS type III], due to mutations in the CLCNKB gene, is highly variable. The aim of our study was to describe the clinical presentation in a Chinese girl with BS type III and to explore mutations or SNPs of CLCNKB gene in her family. The clinic data of the patient was collected. Mutations or SNPs were investigated by sequencing of the exon of CLCNKB gene. The clinic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of BS type III. The coexistence of 13 reported SNPs and 11 novel SNPs of CLCNKB gene were found in the patient and her parent. A novel heterozygous C to G transition at nucleotide 2471 in exon 20 of CLCNKB gene harbored uniquely by the patient were revealed. A novel heterozygous C to G mutation at nucleotide 2471 of CLCNKB gene and some new SNPs were identified in a Chinese girl with BS type Ill having persistent hypokalemia. The novel mutation and SNPs make the genetic background of the patient more complicated

Genotyping of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in nasopharyngeal aspirate from children with pneumonia in Zhejiang Province / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The P1 protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MP pneumonia. It mediates the attachment of the pathogen to host cells and elicits a strong humoral immune response during infection. In early studies, only two types of MP P1 genes were assumed to exist. Later, eight subtypes of MP P1 genes and some variations of P1 gene were reported. However, there are no related reports in China until now. This study aimed to understand epidemiology of MP subtype in Zhejiang province, China, as well as the relationship between MP subtype and clinical severity of MP pneumonia.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Clinical samples were collected by nasopharyngeal aspiration from children with MP pneumonia hospitalized in the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from February to December in 2009. P1 gene fragment was amplified by using PCR method (with primers of ADH1/ADH2 and ADH3/ADH4, respectively). Then ADH1/ADH2-generated fragments were digested with HaeIII, HpaII, Sau3A, and the ADH3/ADH4-generated fragments digested with HaeIII, Sau3A, HhaI, RsaI. The MP P1 subtypes were determined based on resulting fragments. Part of samples were selected for sequencing. The clinical data of different MP subtype pneumonia were compared.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A total of 300 hospitalized children with MP pneumonia were enrolled in this study. All the samples produced specific bands for MP P1 gene after PCR with primers of ADH1/ADH2 and ADH3/ADH4 respectively. By restrictive fragment length polymorphism analysis, 297 clinical specimens showed the characteristic band patterns for P1 type 1 identical to Mp129, and only 3 clinical specimens showed the characteristic band pattern for P1 type 2 identical to MP-FH. All P1 type 1 and P1 type 2 showed the same subtype bands respectively, as subtype 1b and 2a. After sequencing, one synonymous point mutation in P1 type 1 was identified relative to the MP129 P1 sequence at nucleotide position (nt) 208(G→A). Three cases with P1 type 2 MP pneumonia were found to have liver damage, and longer hospital stay and fever duration than P1 type 1, but no statistically significant difference was found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Clinical samples can be used directly for genotyping of MP. The dominating type of MP in Zhejiang Province was P1 type 1 subtype 1b. But whether there was any relationship between MP subtype and clinical severity remains to be clarified.</p>

Thyrotropin receptor gene inactivating mutation in Chinese children with congenital hypothyroidism / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The inactivating mutation of thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) gene results in partial or complete insensitivity of thyrotropin (TSH) and dysfunction of the TSH-TSHR-cAMP cascade. Therefore, it may cause congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Depending on the degree of impairment of TSHR function, patients can present with subclinical hypothyroidism at one extreme of the spectrum, or severe hypothyroidism at the other. This study aimed to understand the relation between inactivating mutations of TSHR gene and Chinese children with CH.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>(1) Seventy-nine Chinese children with CH, including 14 subclinical hypothyroidism patients (8 boys and 6 girls, age 1 - 5.5 years) and 65 hypothyroidism patients (27 boys and 38 girls, age 1.5 - 6 years) were enrolled in this study. Meanwhile, 100 normal children were enrolled as control, 40 were male and 60 were female. The age of the normal children were at a range of 1 - 8 years. (2) Total genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes of the 79 patients and 100 normal subjects. Exons 1 - 10 of TSHR gene were individually amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mutations were detected by direct sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) A compound heterozygous missense mutations (Pro52Thr/Val689Gly) and a heterozygous missense mutation (Gly245Ser) were detected in 79 patients. The mutations of Pro52Thr and Gly245Ser were located within the extracellular domain of TSHR, while Val689Gly was located within the intracellular domain of TSHR. In 30 patients the normal cytosine at position 2181 in exon 10 was replaced by a guanine (GAC-->GAG), resulting in the replacement of Glu(727) by Asp. In 47 patients, the normal thymidine at position 561 in exon 7 was replaced by a cytosine (AAT-->AAC). This substitution did not change the amino acid (Asn) at position 187. (2) In 33 normal children the normal cytosine at position 2181 in exon 10 was also replaced by a guanine (GAC-->GAG) and in 50 normal children the normal thymidine at position 561 in exon 7 was replaced by a cytosine (AAT-->AAC).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Three heterozygous missense mutations (Pro52Thr, Gly245Ser, Val689Gly) of TSHR gene were firstly detected in Chinese children with CH. There was a polymorphism in exon 10 at nucleotide 2181 (GAC-->GAG) and in exon 7 at nucleotide 561 (AAT-->AAC) in TSHR gene. The inactivating mutation of TSHR gene is an infrequent pathogeny for CH.</p>

Study on pluripotency and cultivation of ES-like cells derived from male germ stem cells of bovine fetuses / 生物工程学报

Male germ stem cells (mGSCs), which is in testis after sex differentiation, derive from primordial germ cells. In this study, bovine mGSCs were isolated from testis of 20 weeks fetuses. Number of CD9 positive cells of the cells through two-steps adhering plates velocity different was 95.8% by flow cytometer. The carina-type cells clones and the plane-type cells clones appeared in co-cultured system. One cells lines had been successively maintained for 4 passages, and the cells clusters showed AKP positive staining. The cells clusters showed nest-shape in third passage showed SSEA1 and Oct-4 positive staining. These cells can also spontaneously differentiate into c-kit positive staining germ cells, and the cells were directional induced to formaactin positive staining cardiac-like cells cluster and NF positive staining neuron-like cells. The conclusion showed that male germ stem cells from 20 weeks bovine fetuses could be in vitro formed like embryonic stem cells.

Effects of low dose androgen treatment on serum androgen levels in male adult rabbits postinfarction CHF model / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of low dose testosterone undecanonate (TU) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on serum androgen levels in male adult rabbits postinfarction congestive heart failure (CHF) model.Methods48 male 4～5 months old New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to ligation of first branch of left coronary artery (n=40) or sham operation (n=8). 3 weeks later, 30 survived model rabbits were randomly treated with TU 3 mg/kg per 2 weeks intramuscular injection (TU group, n=10), DHEA 3 mg/kg/d oral (DHEA group, n=10) or placebo (placebo group, n=10) for 3 months. Serum androgen changes were recorded at 0th, 3rd and 15th week.ResultsAt 3rd week after peration, left ventricular ejection fraction of model animals was 47.6±4.5% lower than that of the sham group (66.7±5.8%) (P<0.05). Serum free testosterone level of model animals returned to normal ranges after low dose TU or DHEA treatment, otherwise DHEAS level was higher than the sham group (P<0.05).ConclusionThe doses used in this research reached physiological dosage to male adult rabbits in postinfarction CHF model.

Expression of receptor tyrosine kinase EphA7 in gastric carcinoma and its clinical significances / 医学研究生学报

Objective:Eph is the largest member of the family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). Hypermethylation of CpG island is an important mechanism leading to down-regulation of EphA7 in gastric cancer. The objective of this study is to investigate the expression level of EphA7 in gastric carcinoma and its roles in the development,progression and prognosis of gastric carcinoma. Methods:The expression level of EphA7 transcript in gastric carcinoma specimens and normal mucosa tissues was detected using real-time RT-PCR. Results:The expression level of EphA7 in gastric carcinoma was divided into three groups according to the expression rate in gastric cancer tissue and matched normal mucosa. Statistics analysis showed that the expression of EphA7 is significantly related to age and stage. Overexpression of EphA7 has a tendency to relate to metastasis. Conclusion:EphA7 is differentially expressed in gastric carcinoma specimens. Overexpression of EphA7 may play a role in the development and progress of gastric carcinoma.

A study of the prefrontal executive control of behavior and the electrophysiology in macaca mulatas / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To explore the behavioral and electrophysiological characteristics of prefrontal executive control in macaca mulatas. Methods Three macaca mulatas were used for behavioral research. Neuronal activities of the prefrontal cortex were recorded in two monkeys while visual discriminated go/no go tasks were being performed. Results ① The response time was (419?18)ms, (376?26)ms and (540?21)ms in three monkeys while performing go/no go tasks; ② A total of 41 tetrodes penetrations were made in the PFC of two monkeys. A total of 92 task related neurons were sampled and categorized as 5 types: visual signal related neurons, decision making related neurons, go movement related neurons, reward related neurons and multi events related neurons; ③ When it was correct, the discharge rate of a neuron to a go signal was significantly higher than that to a no go signal during cue period; the discharge rate of a decision making neuron in a go task was significantly higher than that in a no go task. However, when it was wrong, the situation was on the contrary during delay period. Conclusions ① The prefrontal cortex contains various kinds of neurons; ② There are two types of errors in executing go/no go tasks: cue period error and delay period error.